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Mountain bike
Although there have been earlier attempts to make bicycles more robust and off-road capable, today the year 1973 is generally considered to be the year of birth and Mount Tamalpais in Marin County, California is considered the birthplace of the mountain bike. The first mountain bikes were Schwinn Cruiser bikes, used by a group of cyclists led by Gary Fisher, Joe Breeze and Charles Kelly to race down the gravel roads of Mount Tamalpais. The cruisers from the manufacturer Schwinn from the 1930s were - as the name suggests - anything but sports bikes, but rather designed for comfortable rolling along (“cruising”). The Schwinn Cruisers were sturdily built and had thick balloon tires on 26-inch rims, making them far more suitable for the fast descents on the gravel roads of Mount Tamalpais than the lightweight racing bikes that were the only type of bicycle for sporting purposes at the time. The Schwinn Cruisers were very heavy bikes, which is why Gary Fisher, Joe Breeze and the other riders actually only used them for downhill riding. The first mountain bikers were pure “downhillers”.
The first regular mountain bike races began in 1976 and were also organized by the group mentioned above on Mount Tamalpais. These races gave the impetus for a whole series of technical modifications that marked the beginning of the development of today's mountain bike technology. In search of more resilient parts, the early mountain bikers also used motorcycle parts (handlebars, brakes).
Sources: Wikipedia
Example of Mountain bike